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Witch of Endor
The Witch of Endor, also known as the Medium of Endor, was a medium who apparently summoned the prophet Samuel's spirit, at the demand of King Saul of the Kingdom of Israel in the First Book of Samuel, chapter . The witch is absent from the version of that event recounted in the deuterocanonical Book of Sirach (46:19–20). She is called in Biblical Hebrew אֵ֥שֶׁת בַּֽעֲלַת־אֹ֖וב בְּעֵ֥ין דֹּֽור (''’êšeṯ ba‘ălaṯ-’ōḇ bə-‘Êndōr''), "a woman who has a familiar spirit at Endor".
==Story==
When Samuel dies, he is buried in Ramah. Saul, the current King of Israel, seeks wisdom from God in choosing a course of action against the assembled forces of the Philistines. He receives no answer from dreams, prophets, or the Urim and Thummim. Having driven out all necromancers and magicians from Israel, Saul searches for a medium anonymously and in disguise. His search leads him to a woman of Endor, who claims that she can see the ghost of Samuel rising from the abode of the dead.〔Geza Vermes (2008)'' The Resurrection''. London, Penguin: 25–6〕 The voice of the prophet's ghost, after complaining of being disturbed, berates Saul for disobeying God, and predicts Saul's downfall. The spirit reiterates a pre-mortem prophecy by Samuel, adding that Saul will perish with his whole army in battle the next day. Saul is terrified. The next day, his army is defeated as prophesied, and Saul commits suicide.
Although Saul is depicted as an antagonist to witches and diviners, the Witch of Endor generally is portrayed sympathetically; she comforts Saul when she sees his distress and insists on feeding him before he leaves.
The woman is described as "a woman with an ob" (אוֹב, a talisman〔Emil G. Hirsch Jewish Encyclopedia 1911 (Endor, the witch of )〕 or perhaps wineskin)〔(Blueletterbible.org )〕 in Hebrew, which may be a reference to ventriloquism,〔The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia p307 ed. Geoffrey W. Bromiley – 1959 "... of 'ob (RSV "medium"). According to one view it is the same word that means a "bottle made out of skins" ("wineskin," Job 32:19). The term would then refer to the technique of ventriloquism or, more accurately, "belly-talking".〕 and she claims to see "elohim arising" (plural verb) from the ground.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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